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Summary results

date and time submitted name id & link system costs [bnEUR/a] marginal abatement cost [EUR/tCO2] difference to default downloads
2025-03-21 18:44:53 mcc 9db56b53-8021-438b-8287-7e0493533894 302.19 194.56 frequency: 193 -> 1000; solar_cost: 302.0 -> 100.0; offwind_cost: 1416.0 -> 200.0; onwind_cost: 963.0 -> 150.0; nuclear_cost: 7940.0 -> 5000.0; electrolysis_cost: 500.0 -> 100.0 zip file of all results | PyPSA network file | config.yaml file


Table of contents



Breakdown of yearly system costs

All costs are in 2015 euros, EUR-2015.

050100150200250300350system costs [bnEUR/a]mcc Fischer-TropschDACCCCO2 sequestrationH2 pipelineH2 Electrolysisfossil gasgas boilerbiomass CHPresistive heaterair heat pumpground heat pumpsolar PV utilityoffshore wind (DC)offshore wind (AC)onshore windbiogassolid biomasshydroelectricityelectricity distribution gridtransmission lines

Maps

starting grid | grid reinforcement and other investments | hydrogen network and electrolyser capacity

9db56b53-8021-438b-8287-7e0493533894 | mcc

today's grid tomorrow's grid hydrogen grid

Technology capacities

05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,0005,5006,000capacities [GW]mcc ground heat pumpair heat pumpresistive heaterH2 ElectrolysisFischer-Tropschhydroelectricityonshore windoffshore wind (AC)offshore wind (DC)solar PV utilitysolar PV rooftopnuclearOCGTH2 Fuel Cellbiomass CHPgas CHP

Energy balances by carrier

high voltage electricity supply and demand

-10,000-8,000-6,000-4,000-2,00002,0004,0006,0008,00010,000energy [TWh/a]mcc biomass CHPsolar PV utilityoffshore wind (DC)offshore wind (AC)onshore windhydroelectricityelectricity distribution gridH2 Electrolysis

low voltage electricity supply and demand

-6,000-5,000-4,000-3,000-2,000-1,00001,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000energy [TWh/a]mcc electricity distribution gridground heat pumpair heat pumpresistive heaterBEV chargerindustry electricitynon-industrial electricity

hydrogen supply and demand

-2,500-2,000-1,500-1,000-50005001,0001,5002,0002,500energy [TWh/a]mcc H2 ElectrolysisFischer-TropschH2 for industryH2 for shippingland transport fuel cell

methane supply and demand

-500-400-300-200-1000100200300400500energy [TWh/a]mcc fossil gasbiogasgas boilerCC

liquid hydrocarbon supply and demand

-1,200-1,000-800-600-400-20002004006008001,0001,200energy [TWh/a]mcc Fischer-Tropschkerosene for aviationnaphtha for industry

CO2 supply and demand

-350-300-250-200-150-100-50050100150200250300350CO2 [MtCO2/a]mcc industry oil emissionsaviation oil emissionsgas boilerbiogasbiomass CHPCCDAC

stored CO2 supply and demand

-600-500-400-300-200-1000100200300400500600CO2 [MtCO2/a]mcc DACCCbiomass CHPCO2 sequestrationFischer-Tropsch

residential rural building heating supply and demand

-1,200-1,000-800-600-400-20002004006008001,0001,200energy [TWh/a]mcc resistive heaterground heat pumpheat

urban district heating supply and demand

-1,400-1,200-1,000-800-600-400-20002004006008001,0001,2001,400energy [TWh/a]mcc Fischer-Tropschgas boilerbiomass CHPresistive heaterair heat pumphot water storageDACheatlow-temperature heat for industry

Primary energy

Note that primary energy for wind, solar and hydroelectricity is accounted for using the direct equivalence method, i.e. assuming a 100% correspondence between primary energy and electricity generation.

01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,00010,00011,00012,000primary energy [TWh/a]mcc fossil gasambient air heatambient ground heatsolar PV utilityoffshore wind (DC)offshore wind (AC)onshore windbiogassolid biomasshydroelectricity

Final energy and non-energy

Electricity includes electricity demand from electric vehicles, newly-electrified industry and heat pumps in individual buildings, but excludes electricity demand for water electrolysis. Hydrogen includes hydrogen demand for land transport, shipping, industry and ammonia production, but excludes hydrogen demand for synthesis into hydrocarbons. Liquid hydrocarbons include aviation fuel and feedstock for basic chemicals production (mostly for plastics).

01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,000final energy [TWh/a]mcc district heatliquid hydrocarbonshydrogenmethaneelectricity

Time series for system operation

high voltage electricity supply and demand time series

low voltage electricity supply and demand time series

hydrogen supply and demand time series

methane supply and demand time series

liquid hydrocarbon supply and demand time series

CO2 supply and demand time series

stored CO2 supply and demand time series

residential rural building heating supply and demand time series

urban district heating supply and demand time series